The textbook in Brazilian childhood education

an “innovation” of PNLD 2022

Abstract

The topic of textbooks in Early Childhood Education is the reason for countless discussions by experts in the field and in the Brazilian pedagogical context, with 2022 being the first time that the National Book and Teaching Material Program (PNLD) for children at this stage of Basic Education takes place. From this context, the interest in developing a study about Early Childhood Education textbooks arises, with the main objective of analyzing which discourses in the area of literacy and literacy are present in these textbooks. The theoretical basis behind this study is Cultural Studies and the methodological approach adopted is qualitative documentary research. The selected document is the book Adoletá: volume II: Teacher's Manual, for 5-year-old children. The analysis of the results demonstrated that, by moving away from the ethical, political and aesthetic principles established in the National Curricular Guidelines for Early Childhood Education and the interaction and play axes, the textbook disregards the rights already achieved within the scope of Early Childhood Education. The activities proposed in the material are based on repetition and memorization, are decontextualized from the child's reality and interests, and the specificities of childhood and its period of development are not respected. Analyzing the material, it can be concluded that it serves to consolidate the discourse present in the National Literacy Policy, disseminating the ideas defended by cognitive science and phonic instruction. In this context, the speeches present in the book become part of everyday teaching practices in preschools, seeking to regulate the conduct of these subjects and the way they develop their teaching work.