Empresas militares e de segurança privada nos mares: novos posicionamentos sobre os serviços de proteção armada contra a pirataria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v9i17.10943Palavras-chave:
Empresas militares e de segurança privada. Segurança marítima. Pirataria marítima.Resumo
Refletindo uma responsabilidade estatal pela segurança marítima estabelecida há pelo menos um século e meio, posicionamentos contrários à proteção armada de embarcações civis foram sustentados por diversos stakeholders do transporte marítimo. Contudo, nas duas últimas décadas, o ressurgimento da pirataria e do roubo armado contra navios promoveu a prestação de serviços de proteção armada por empresas militares e de segurança privada (EMSPs), primeiro no Sudeste Asiático e depois no Chifre da África. No segundo caso, o fenômeno provocou mudanças nos posicionamentos anteriormente contrários à prática, notados pela literatura especializada de maneira fragmentada e genérica. Este artigo revisa essa literatura com o objetivo de explorar o modo como novos posicionamentos foram estabelecidos diante do maior protagonismo assumido pelas EMSPs, analisando as condições e a direção dessas mudanças. O trabalho identifica um ponto de inflexão nos posicionamentos de algumas das principais associações da indústria de transporte marítimo, do maior mercado de seguros marítimos, da Organização Marítima Internacional e dos Estados de bandeira e costeiros.Downloads
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