Empresas militares y de seguridad privada en los mares: nuevas posiciones sobre los servicios de protección armada contra la piratería marítima
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v9i17.10943Palabras clave:
Empresas militares y de seguridad privada. Seguridad marítima. Piratería marítima.Resumen
Reflejando una responsabilidad estatal por la seguridad marítima establecida hace por lo menos un siglo y medio, posiciones contrarias a la protección armada de embarcaciones civiles fueron sustentadas por varios stakeholdersdel transporte marítimo. Sin embargo, en las últimas dos décadas, el resurgimiento de la piratería y el robo armado contra navíos promovió la prestación de servicios de protección armada por empresas militares y de seguridad privada (EMSPs), primero en el Sudeste Asiático y después en el Cuerno de África. En el segundo caso, el fenómeno provocó cambios de posiciones anteriormente contrarias a la práctica, señaladas en la literatura especializada de manera fragmentada y genérica. Este artículo revisa esta literatura con el objetivo de explorar el modo cómo se establecieron nuevas posiciones ante el mayor protagonismo asumido por las EMSPs, analizando las condiciones y la dirección de estos cambios. El trabajo identifica un punto de inflexión en las posiciones de algunas de las principales asociaciones de la industria del transporte marítimo, del mayor mercado de seguros marítimos, de la Organización Marítima Internacional y de los Estados de bandera y costeros.Descargas
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