Las caravanas migrantes centroamericanas y los EEUU: una investigación acerca de las consecuencias de ignorarse el nexo migración-clima
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v10i19.12953Palabras clave:
Migración climática, Movilidad climática, Centroamérica.Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las consecuencias políticas y analíticas al ignorar el nexo entre migración-clima y la reacción de los Estados Unidos a la reciente migración centroamericana, considerando, en este sentido, la literatura sobre el desplazamiento climático y la relación histórica de los EE. UU hacia la migración. Nuestro análisis comprende el período desde el inicio de las caravanas de migrantes centroamericanos en 2017 hasta fines de 2020. El análisis es construido desde una perspectiva cualitativa. Se trabaja con fuentes primarias como informes de datos migratorios y climáticos, declaraciones presidenciales y artículos periodísticos sobre las políticas migratorias de Estados Unidos hacia las caravanas centroamericanas, en los cuales fue posible identificar las implicaciones políticas y humanitarias que surgieron a través del uso de discursos antiinmigrantes y el desdeño de la conexión entre el cambio climático y la migración forzada. La caracterización errónea de estos flujos migratorios no como una consecuencia climática pero sí como migración económica convencional permite una posición más soberana de los EE. UU, menoscabando su responsabilidad internacional por el cambio climático y los migrantes climáticos.
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