The paradox of the European Union's agreements and plans: energy security challenges for a just and feasible transition

Abstract

The dynamics of energy trade relations between the European Union (EU) and Azerbaijan are a focus of debate because of the energy supply after the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. These relations are analyzed in the light of the European Green Deal, which aims to transform the EU economy into a carbon-neutral one by 2050. Despite European efforts to promote renewable energy sources, dependence on natural gas remains a strategic reality, which makes the agreement with Azerbaijan, a petro-state with a negative human rights record, controversial. The research is based on a bibliographical and documentary analysis, and also focuses on a case study (EU-Azerbaijan relations). The study is therefore a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. In this vein, it addresses the criticisms and challenges faced by this cooperation, highlighting the possible alternatives for the EU to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels. The conclusion is that, in order to achieve the objectives of the European Green Deal, the EU needs to find a balance between diversifying its energy sources and adhering to ethical principles. The transition to renewable energies must be accelerated, and strict human rights policies must be integrated into international agreements to ensure a truly sustainable approach.