A nova Diligência Devida Britânica para Commodities que contenham risco de desmatamento e a dependência do Reino Unido da soja amazônica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30612/videre.v16i34.17453Palavras-chave:
Diligência Devida, Soja, Brasil, Reino UnidoResumo
Este artigo analisa como a Regulamentação de Diligência Devida do Reino Unido para Commodities que contenham Risco de Desmatamento (UKDR) se relacionam com o comércio bilateral de soja entre o Brasil e o Reino Unido. Os resultados sugerem fortemente que a soja em grãos do Brasil é um dos principais alvos da nova legislação britânica. A literatura, relatórios de ONGs, dados de comércio e documentos governamentais e institucionais mostraram que o Reino Unido depende fortemente da soja da América do Sul para atender à sua indústria interna de alimentos de proteína animal, sendo a soja do Brasil o segundo principal caso de "desmatamento importado" do Reino Unido. Entre 2020 e 2022, a soja também foi o segundo produto mais exportado do Brasil para o Reino Unido, depois do ouro, restabelecendo o lugar tradicional do Brasil como exportador de commodities cruas e essenciais para países desenvolvidos. Este artigo defende que, embora a UKDR possa afetar o Brasil de forma desproporcional, em comparação com outros países exportadores de alimentos, a legislação não se destina a desafiar o modelo econômico da soja ou o desmatamento em um aspecto mais amplo, mas a "limpar" a cadeia de suprimentos agrícola do Reino Unido do desmatamento ilegal em florestas tropicais. Os resultados do artigo mostram que, nos últimos cinco anos (2017-2022), a percentagem anual de exportações de soja do Brasil dos estados que compõem o bioma amazônico, total ou parcialmente, para o Reino Unido foi superior a 70% a cada anos, uma tendência que não segue as exportações gerais de soja do Brasil, sugerindo que o Reino Unido pode estar mais exposto ao desmatamento do que outros países importadores. A indústria alimentícia do Reino Unido pode estar financiando um modelo de produção agrícola que contribui para o desmatamento da floresta amazônica.
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