Cambio climático y enfermidades desatendidas: la epidemia de dengue em el sur de Brasil

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v37i21.20080

Palabras clave:

Cambio climático. Dengue. Salud publica. Aedes aegypti. Vulnerabilidad socioambiental.

Resumen

El dengue, una enfermedad desatendida significativa, está atravesando una rápida escalada y expansión geográfica, particularmente en el contexto del cambio climático. El calentamiento global desempeña un papel crítico en el aumento de las epidemias de dengue debido a su influencia directa en la ecología del Aedes aegypti, principal vector de la enfermedad. En 2023 y a inicios de 2024, Brasil registró un número sin precedentes de casos de dengue — 3.000 por cada 100 mil habitantes, totalizando más de 6 millones de casos hasta julio de 2024 — coincidiendo con temperaturas récord. Este estudio examina la intersección entre la proliferación del dengue y el cambio climático en la Región Sur de Brasil, un área históricamente menos afectada por la enfermedad debido a su clima más templado. A través del análisis de datos epidemiológicos y factores climáticos, el artículo explora cómo el aumento de las temperaturas y las alteraciones en los patrones de lluvia han creado condiciones favorables para la diseminación del dengue. Además, criticamos las políticas actuales de salud pública en Brasil, particularmente las limitaciones de un enfoque centrado en el mosquito, y sugerimos estrategias más integrales que aborden las vulnerabilidades socioambientales agravadas por el cambio climático. Este trabajo resalta la necesidad urgente de respuestas integradas de salud pública que consideren tanto los determinantes biológicos como los sociales del dengue frente a las emergencias climáticas en curso.

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Biografía del autor/a

Francisco Mendonça, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Undergraduate degree (UFG, 1983), Master's degree (Physical Geography / Environment - USP, 1990), PhD (Climate and Urban Planning - USP, 1995), and Postdoctoral studies (Epistemology of Geography - Université Sorbonne/Paris I/France, 2005; Urban Environment Studies - Universidad de Chile, 2014) in Geography. He is a Full Professor at PPGEO and PPGMADE at UFPR, and Visiting Professor at PPGEO/UERJ. He has been a guest professor at the Université de Sorbonne/Paris I/Institut de Géographie (2002), Université de Haute Bretagne/Rennes II/France (2004), and a visiting researcher at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (London/England, 2005) and at the Laboratoire PRODIG/France (Univ. Sorbonne/Paris I, 2005).

He is a member of the CoC - Climatology Commission of the IGU - International Geographical Union (since 2012), and served as president of the AIC - International Association of Climatology (2015–2018). He was president of ABClima - Brazilian Association of Climatology (2002–2004), ANPEGE - National Association for Research and Graduate Studies in Geography (2007–2009), and a member of the board of ANPPAS (National Association for Research and Graduate Studies in Environment and Society, 2004–2008). He is also a member of the CTC-CEMADEN (since 2019).

He has experience in the fields of Geography and Geosciences, with an emphasis on Geography and the Environment, focusing primarily on the following themes: Urban Environment Studies, Climatology, Health Geography, and Epistemology of Geography. He has been a CNPq Researcher Level 1A since 2013.

Felipe José Soek, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

A student in the Academic Master's Program in Public Health at the National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca (ENSP/Fiocruz), their work focuses on the analysis of methods and approaches of climate change adaptation models applied to the field of Public Health. They earned a degree in Geography from the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR). As an undergraduate researcher at UFPR, they worked in the areas of Health Geography and Climatology, addressing topics such as well-being, Collective Health, decolonization of knowledge, Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (PICS), climate change, adaptation, and vulnerability indices to extreme events. Their main interest lies in the analysis and development of adaptation capacity indices for climate change in the field of Collective Health.

Antonio Carlos da Silva Oscar Junior, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro

PhD in Geography from UNICAMP (2018), with a Master's and Bachelor's degree in Geography from UFRJ (2014; 2012). He coordinates the Laboratory for Studies on Society-Atmosphere Interaction (LISA), which focuses on the following research areas: Climate Variability in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Geographical Data Modeling applied to Urban Climate, Extreme Events and Climate Justice, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change, and the Production of Space, Climate, and Health.

He is currently a CNPq Level 2 Researcher, Procientista (FAPERJ/UERJ), Young Scientist of Our State (FAPERJ), Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Geography at UERJ and in the Graduate Program in Geography (PPGEO/UERJ). He also serves as Associate Editor of the journal GEO UERJ (A1), elected Council Member (2025–2029), and is a member of the International Association for Urban Climate (IAUC) and Latin America Representative to the International Commission on the History of Meteorology (ICHM) of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (2018–2021; 2022–2025).

His research is developed in partnership with the University of Moncton (Canada), RUHR-UNIVERSITÄT BOCHUM (Germany), and the University of New South Wales (Australia) through international cooperation agreements with UERJ, and with the University of Rennes II (France) through the TerrEE program, funded by the French Embassy in Brazil, as well as through national networks registered in the CNPq research group directory.

Thiago Kich Fogaça, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Holds a teaching degree in Geography from the State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon campus (2012). He has a Master's and PhD in Geography from the Federal University of Paraná (2015/2020). He has taught in higher education programs across both exact and human sciences, with an emphasis on environmental studies, education, and research methodology.

He has coordinated undergraduate thesis courses at higher education institutions, managing activities between advisors and students. He has completed training in content development for the Moodle platform and has experience in designing distance learning courses, as well as writing instructional materials, creating question banks, and recording video lectures.

He also has experience as an editor and reviewer of humanities content for basic education teaching materials, and has worked in areas related to Health Geography, environmental education, Climatology, and research methodology.

Daniel Canavese, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Public health specialist, Associate Professor, and Federal Public Servant. He holds a Master’s degree in Collective Health from the Institute of Collective Health Studies at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IESC/UFRJ), a PhD in Health Sciences from the School of Medicine at the University of São Paulo (FM/USP), and a Postdoctoral degree in Collective Health from the University of Brasília (UnB). His current teaching, research, and outreach activities are focused within the field of Collective Health.

He is a researcher and extensionist working on health systems and public policy. His work addresses issues of inequities, stigma, discrimination, and violence related to the social determinants of health such as race/color and ethnicity, geographic origin, gender, sexuality, and class, approached through the lenses of intersectionality, interculturality, and intersectorality, with a focus on Complex Thought. He integrates actions aimed at promoting Human Rights and social justice.

He coordinates the CNPq research group “Health, Environment, and Development – SAD,” based at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). He is also a member of the research group Critical Routes – Racialized and Gendered Social Inequalities based at UFRGS, and Territory, Diversity, and Health – TeDiS at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR).

In times of infodemic, he produces and organizes materials focused on health literacy and combating misinformation for distance learning and e-learning. He coordinates podcasts and open massive training courses (MOOCs) available on open platforms such as Lumina-UFRGS, as well as Spotify and Anchor. He teaches in the Bachelor’s program in Collective Health, the academic Master’s program in Collective Health at UFRGS and UFPR, and the Professional Master’s in Family Health at UFRGS-Fiocruz.

Mauricio Polidoro, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

He holds a degree in Geography (2010), a PhD in Geography (2016), and a postdoctoral degree in Collective Health and Epidemiology from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). He is currently an Associate Professor at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre Campus), on assignment to the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Family Agriculture, where he serves as Executive Coordinator of Information Management in the Directorate of Evaluation, Monitoring, Studies, and Strategic Information under the Executive Secretariat.

He is an associate coordinator of the Health and Environment Thematic Group (GT) of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (ABRASCO). He is also a permanent faculty member in the Professional Master’s Program in Family Health (FIOCRUZ/UFRGS) and the leader of the research group "Health, Environment, and Development."

He has experience in the fields of Geography and Collective Health, working mainly on the following topics: urban and regional studies, geographic information systems, health information systems, health education and promotion, health and environment, climate change, and vulnerable populations.

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Publicado

08/09/2025

Cómo citar

Mendonça, F., Soek, F. J., Oscar Junior, A. C. da S., Fogaça, T. K., Canavese, D., & Polidoro, M. (2025). Cambio climático y enfermidades desatendidas: la epidemia de dengue em el sur de Brasil. Revista Brasileña De Climatología, 37(21), 249–274. https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v37i21.20080

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