The ambivalent Chinese foreign policy and the North Korea's nuclear program

Authors

  • Bruna Miranda Dias Universidade Vila Velha (UVV)
  • Helvécio de Jesus Junior Universidade Vila Velha (UVV)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v8i15.11543

Keywords:

China, North Korea, nuclear issue

Abstract

The present essay aims to analyze the China-North Korea relationship and also how the nuclear issue has contributed to shape the way chinese foreign policy is implemented in the region throughout the years. This relationship, which had its beginning marked by the Korean War, can be seen through a series of conventional thoughts that for a long time served as an explanation to the ambivalent way China has been behaving towards North Korea. Nevertheless, after more than one decade of North-Korean Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) tests, the way how the international security issues have developed made these thoughts no longer sufficient to explain the behavior of a China that now occupies a place of a great global power, and has also a lot more responsibility to the international community given the threat Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has become. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Bruna Miranda Dias, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV)

Graduada em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Vila Velha (UVV).

Helvécio de Jesus Junior, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV)

Doutor em História pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES); Mestre em Relações Internacionais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RIO) e Professor titular do curso de Relações Internacionais da Universidade Vila Velha (UVV).

References

ALBERT, Eleanor. The China-North Korea relationship. Council on Foreign Relations. 2017. New York. Disponível em: <https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-north-korea-relationship>. Acesso em: 29 set. 2017.

ASSOCIATED PRESS NEWS. China supports UN action on North Korea while urging talks. 7 set. 2017. Beijing. Disponível em: <https://apnews.com/8a1eb6632bd744cd8cf33e75eb85f3a9/China-supports-UN-action-on-North-Korea-while-urging-talks>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2017.

BERLINGER, Joshua. North Korea’s missile tests: By the numbers.20 out. 2017.

Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/29/asia/north-korea-missile-tests/index.html>. Acesso em: 22 out. 2017.

BOODEN, Christopher. Chinese foreign minister: No winners if Korea war breaks out. Associated Press News. 15 abr. 2017. Beijing. Disponível em: <https://apnews.com/498e3a3112da4708b08b8c7088093c3c/Chinese-foreign-minister:-No-winners-if-Korea-war-breaks-out>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2017.

CHA, Victor. The meaning of China’s coal ban on DPRK. Center for Strategic and International Studies. 20 fev. 2017. Washington, D.C. Disponível em: <https://www.csis.org/analysis/meaning-chinas-coal-ban-dprk>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2017.

CHINA. Ministry of foreign affairs. Foreign ministry spokesperson GengShuang's regular press conference on february 21, 2017. Beijing.Disponível em:<http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/t1440264.shtml>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2017.

FENG, Zhu. Shifting tides: China and North Korea. China Security, n. 4, 2006, pp. 35-51. Disponível em: <https://www.issuelab.org/resources/435/435.pdf>. Acesso em: 5 maio 2017.

GLASER, Bonnie S. China’s Policy in the Wake of the Second DPRK Nuclear Test. China Security, v. 5, n. 2, 2009, p. 33-45. Disponível em: <https://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/GlaserChinaSecurity2.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 abr. 2017.

KEOHANE, Robert O. The big influence of small allies. Foreign Policy, n. 2, 1971, p. 161-182. Disponível em: <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1147864?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>. Acesso em: 14 dez 2017.

KHAN, Sulmaan. Unbalanced Alliances. Foreign Affairs. 18 fev. 2016. Disponível em: <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2016-02-18/unbalanced-alliances>. Acesso em: 24 set. 2017.

KONG, Tat Yan. China's engagement-oriented strategy towards North Korea: achievements and limitations. The Pacific Review. 27 abr. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316530623_China%27s_engagement-oriented_strategy_towards_North_Korea_achievements_and_limitations>. Acesso em: 5 set. 2017.

LEE, Hyeonseo. The girl with seven names. Great Britain: William Collins, 2015.

MELCHIONNA, Helena Hoppen. A questão nuclear da Coreia do Norte sob as perspectivas da China e dos EUA. 2011. 98 págs. Monografia (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Relações Internacionais) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. Disponível em:

<http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/40259/000827654.pdf?sequence=1>. Acesso em: 7 abr. 2017.

MENEGAZZI, Silvia. China’s foreign policy in northeast Asia: Implications for the Korean Peninsula. IstitutoAffariInternazionali. 2017. Roma. Disponível em: <http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1703.pdf>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2017.

RCSNU. Resolução do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas 1874 (2009).Security Council Report. 12 jun. 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/NKorea%20SRES%201874.pdf>. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2017.

RCSNU. Resolução do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas 2094 (2013).Security Council Report. 7 mar. 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2094.pdf>. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2017.

RCSNU. Resolução do Conselho de Segurança das Nações 2321 (2016). Security Council Report. 30 nov. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2321.pdf>. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2017.

SAVAGE, Timothy. Big brother is watching: China’s Intentions in the DPRK. China Security, (local) v. 4, n. 4, p. 53-57, 2008. Disponível em: <http://nautilus.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/copy_of_08096Savage.pdf>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2017.

SHEN, Dingli. Lips and Teeth: It’s time for China to get tough with North Korea. Foreign Policy. 13 fev. 2013. Shanghai. Disponível em: <http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/02/13/lips-and-teeth/>. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017.

SHEN, Dingli. North Korea’s Strategic Significance to China.China Security, n. 4, 2006, p. 19-34. Disponível em: <https://www.issuelab.org/resources/434/434.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 abr. 2017.

SIVELS, Ciara. An assessment of North Korea's nuclear weapons capabilities. 2013. 34 págs. Trabalho Acadêmico (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso – Ciência Nuclear e Engenharia) – Massachusetts Institute of Technologie, Cambridge, MA. Disponível em: <http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/82450/863051465-MIT.pdf?sequence=2>. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2017.

SNYDER, Scott A. North Korea’s testing decade. Council of Foreign Relations. 07 out. 2016. New York. Disponível em: <https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/north-koreas-testing-decade>. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2017.

STANTON, Joshua; LEE, Sung-Yoon; KLINGNER, Bruce. Getting tough on North Korea. Foreign Affairs. v. 96, n. 3, 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/north-korea/2017-04-17/getting-tough-north-korea>. Acesso: 21 set. 2017.

UNITED NATIONS.Security Council imposes fresh sanctions on Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, unanimously adopting Resolution 2270 (2016). New York. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sc12267.doc.htm>. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2017.

VIZENTINI, Paulo Fagundes; PEREIRA, Analúcia Danilevicz.A discreta transição da Coreia do Norte: diplomacia de risco e modernização sem reforma. Rev. Bras. Polít. Int. v. 57, n.2, p. 176-195, 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbpi/v57n2/0034-7329-rbpi-57-02-00176.pdf>. Acesso em: 5 set. 2017.

WANG, Tianyi. Small State, Big Influence: China’s North Korea Policy Dilemma. Georgetown Journal of Asian Affairs, p. 5-27, Fall-Winter 2014. Disponível em: <https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/712752/GJAA%201.1%20Wang.pdf;sequence=1>. Acesso em: 14 abr. 2017.

WELCH, David A. Paralyzed by Pyongyang. Foreign Affairs. 8 fev. 2016. Disponível em: <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2016-02-08/paralyzed-pyongyang>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2017.

ZANELLA, Cristine Koehler. Pressões intransferíveis: uma análise do funcionamento interno das sanções econômicas. Conjuntura Austral. Vol. 2, n. 3-4, p. 79-91, 2011. Disponível em: <http://seer.ufrgs.br/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/18454>. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2017.

Published

2019-06-30

How to Cite

Dias, B. M., & Jesus Junior, H. de. (2019). The ambivalent Chinese foreign policy and the North Korea’s nuclear program. Monções: UFGD Journal of International Relations, 8(15), 544–572. https://doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v8i15.11543