Morfología urbana y modelos de predicción de fenómenos microclimáticos en contexto de atmósfera seca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v31i18.15707Palabras clave:
Predicción Modelo Microclimático, Zonas Climáticas Locales, Isla de Calor UrbanoResumen
La configuración morfológica de las ciudades tiene una influencia directa en la variación microclimática. La composición predominantemente edificada en ciertas áreas, los altos índices de superficies impermeabilizadas, la escasez de vegetación y superficies de agua pueden tener un impacto significativo en los valores de temperatura y humedad en las áreas habitadas, exponiendo a menudo a la población a ambientes insalubres. El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar un modelo microclimático de predicción de la variación de cuatro diferentes Zonas Climáticas Locales (Local Climate Zones; LCZ) expuestas a una condición atmosférica seca en una región tropical de altitud. El método fue desarrollado en tres etapas, la primera, se refiere a una campaña de recolección de variación de temperatura y humedad en cuatro ambientes urbanos diferentes, es decir, LCZ D, LCZ1, LCZ5 y LCZ9 en São José do Rio Preto, Brasil. Se registró el comportamiento microclimático representativo de cada zona de la ciudad en relación al comportamiento de una masa de aire seco. La segunda etapa involucró los datos microclimáticos recolectados, los cuales fueron sometidos a un análisis estadístico con pruebas ANOVA, sirviendo como base para el desarrollo de modelos microclimáticos de predicción de variación para cada ZLC. Después de la validación de los modelos, se verificó, en la tercera etapa, la zona urbana que presentó características morfológicas que permiten la ocurrencia de ondas de alta temperatura e índices reducidos de humedad relativa. Los modelos producidos para la predicción del microclima urbano muestran una altísima capacidad de representación para estimar los valores de temperatura en diferentes zonas de la ciudad, ya que en todos los casos los valores de R superan el 80%. Los resultados mostraron que el área con LCZ5 presenta los períodos más largos de exposición al calor, lo que debería recibir más atención por parte de los planificadores en relación con las inversiones en infraestructura verde urbana.
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