Schmitt in Guantánamo: a reading of the outlaw of humanity

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30612/mones.v14i28.19664

Keywords:

Carl Schmitt, enemy, United States, terrorism, outlaw of humanity

Abstract

Inspired by Jacques Derrida, this article offers a reading of Carl Schmitt that traces the “outlaw of humanity” through the U.S. legal-political architecture established in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. By revisiting Schmitt’s unconventional categories, it contributes to a better understanding of the conceptual construction of a specific category of enmity, (re)articulated in key memoranda and executive orders issued by different U.S. administrations from 2002 to 2025. We argue that the specter of Schmitt’s “outlaw of humanity” haunts the contemporary world order, legitimizing exceptional forms and spatiotemporal manifestations of violence, thereby exposing the limits of the modern international system, and envisioning an international political theory/a political theory of the international.

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Author Biographies

Roberto Vilchez Yamato, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio)

Professor do Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (IRI/PUC-Rio). Doutor em Relações Internacionais pelo IRI/PUC-Rio, Doutor em Direito pelo Birkbeck College - BBK, University of London, Mestre em Ciências Sociais/Relações Internacionais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) e Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela London School of Economics and Political Science - LSE, University of London.

Rachel Silva da Rocha Coutinho Antunes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)

Doutoranda em Relações Internacionais pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Mestre em Estudos Estratégicos pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Estratégicos da Defesa e Segurança da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Professora substituta do Instituto de Relações Internacionais e Defesa (IRID) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Vice-coordenadora do Núcleo de Auxílio a Pessoas Refugiadas e Imigrantes no Ensino Superior (NAPIES) da UFRJ

Yesa Portela Ormond, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio)

Doutora em Relações Internacionais pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Mestre em Relações Internacionais pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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Published

2025-12-19

How to Cite

Yamato, R. V., Antunes, R. S. da R. C., & Ormond, Y. P. (2025). Schmitt in Guantánamo: a reading of the outlaw of humanity. Monções: UFGD Journal of International Relations, 14(28), 115–142. https://doi.org/10.30612/mones.v14i28.19664

Issue

Section

Articles - Miscellaneous Section