Bioplastics in the BRICS: analysis of national initiatives and proposals for international collaboration

Abstract

This paper analyzes bioplastics initiatives in BRICS countries (South Africa, Brazil, China, India, and Russia) between 2010 and 2023, aiming to identify challenges and opportunities for regional collaboration. The research uses a qualitative and quantitative approach with data analysis, documents, and interviews to examine public policies, R&D infrastructure, and market development across the five countries. The study is grounded in the relevance of bioplastics as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. Each BRICS country presents a unique scenario: South Africa faces pollution issues and invests in waste-based research, supported by associations and companies. Brazil stands out due to its raw material availability and initiatives from companies like Braskem. In China, government policies drive production and market growth. India invests in academic research with support from institutions like IIT-Guwahati. Russia develops PHA technologies with commercial potential through institutions such as the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS. The article proposes increased collaboration among BRICS countries to promote bioplastics policies and standards, aiming for more integrated cooperation.