Compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante de frutos de genótipos de cajá-mangueira
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30612/agrarian.v14i52.8924Keywords:
Capacidade antioxidante. Compostos fenólicos. Radical ABTS. Spondias cytherea Sonn.Abstract
Alguns frutos de plantas do gênero Spondias são apreciados pelos aspectos de sabor e aparência atrativos. Contudo, durante a maturação ocorrem mudanças acentuadas que modificam a qualidade, sobretudo nessas plantas que não são plenamente domesticadas. Por terem frutos ricos em compostos antioxidantes, a pesquisa com tais frutos tem focado em compreender as mudanças que estes apresentam na maturação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças nos compostos bioativos e na atividade antioxidante ocorridas durante a maturação de frutos de genótipos de cajá-mangueira (Spondias cytherea Sonn.). Os frutos provenientes de cinco genótipos (P1, P2, P3, P4 P5) de ocorrência espontânea no estado da Paraíba foram colhidos nos seguintes estádios de maturação: totalmente verde (TV), início de pigmentação amarela (IP), amarelo esverdeado (AE) e predominantemente amarelo (PA). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo cinco genótipos e quatro estádios de maturação, em seis repetições. A polpa dos frutos foi avaliada quanto ao conteúdo de ácido ascórbico, carotenoides totais, flavonoides amarelos, antocianinas, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET) e atividade antioxidante total (AAT). Os frutos da cajá-mangueira apresentaram aumento no conteúdo de carotenoides e antocianinas da polpa, redução nos PET e flavonoides amarelos e aumento da AAT ao final da maturação. A atividade antioxidante do cajá-manga aumentou ao final da maturação. O genótipo P3 destacou-se entre os demais por apresentar maior conteúdo de carotenoides totais e flavonoides amarelos ao final da maturação (PA), enquanto os genótipos P1 e P5 por apresentarem maior capacidade antioxidante.
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