A(s) identidade(s) dos povos indígenas em diferentes espaços: análise de transformações histórico-sociais

Abstract

Native people who used to live in Paraná region had suffered land invasions by settler colonizers and bandeirantes. The Kaingang and Guarani ethnic groups predominance started changing due to the migration that was a result from escaping from conflicts, territorial and environmental expropriations, exploration, poverty, and other reasons. As a result, indigenous groups face temporary or permanent displacement, and they end up going to different places, such as urban areas. Taking that into consideration, this paper aims to analyze indigenous identity on different spaces, highlighting the historical and social transformations that have happened in contemporary times. In order to do that, this study was based on literature review, such as scientific journals, books, theses, and dissertations, using the following keywords as guides: indigenous identity in rural and urban areas, indigenous culture, territoriality, and contemporaneity. The results suggest that geographical segregation and discrimination happen in both rural and urban areas, including identity denial and possibility of cultural adaptation. Indigenous ethnicity and identity resist and persist, regardless the space the people live in, due to reterritorialization and the large household that is a result of cultural dynamics or interculturalism, using modernity as a means of visibility and recognition. These results intend to contribute to the knowledge increase about the indigenous identity, and to encourage the promotion of appropriate public policies in order to recognize the indigenous peoples’ rights within all areas.