A economia política das atividades operacionais do Sistema ONU: superando a bilateralização do multilateralismo por fundos agrupados?

Autores

  • Luciana R. Campos UFGD

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v7i13.8719

Palavras-chave:

Nações Unidas, Fundo Fiduciários Multi-Parceiros, Fundos Agrupados

Resumo

Esse artigo apresenta as diferentes formas de financiamento das Nações Unidas – como por contribuições obrigatórias, voluntarias previstas no orçamento ou voluntárias de destino pré-determinado e não previstas no orçamento –, buscando compreender como esses diferentes meios de alocação de recursos podem afetar o grau de influência exercido pelos maiores financiadores das atividades da ONU. Em primeiro lugar, uma sessão introdutória descreve e especifica as atividades operacionais da ONU de ajuda internacional, em contraste com suas funções normativas encaminhadas em seus fóruns de tomada de decisão ou em conferências internacionais patrocinadas por entidades do sistema ONU. Em seguida, apresentamos as múltiplas formas pelas quais as entidades do Sistema ONU financiam seu funcionamento:  desde as contribuições obrigatórias, vinculadas a afiliação à ONU e às suas agências especializadas, até os diversos tipos de contribuições voluntárias, como aquelas atreladas a projetos ou destinatários previamente especificados, que, em meados da década de 1990, ultrapassaram em volume as contribuições obrigatórias. Concluímos o artigo escrutinando o que os dados recolhidos quanto ao financiamento das atividades operacionais da ONU nos  informa quanto a relação entre a estrutura de financiamento das Nações Unidas e as oportunidades e constrangimentos presentes para atores interessados em promover a menor fragmentação do Sistema ONU. Identificamos fundos agrupados  como uma promissora, mas ainda sub-explorada, forma de evitar a bilateralização da cooperação multilateral realizada pela ONU.

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Biografia do Autor

Luciana R. Campos, UFGD

Doutoranda em Relações Internacionais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (iniciado em 2014). Mestre em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ (2014). Integrante do Centro de Pesquisa de Processos Decisórios da PUC-Minas e do Grupo de Pesquisa de Instituições Internacionais também na PUC-Minas.

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Publicado

2018-09-07

Como Citar

Campos, L. R. (2018). A economia política das atividades operacionais do Sistema ONU: superando a bilateralização do multilateralismo por fundos agrupados?. Monções: Revista De Relações Internacionais Da UFGD, 7(13), 83–115. https://doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v7i13.8719

Edição

Seção

Artigos Dossiê - Democracia Global e Instituições Internacionais