Principal components analysis and contributions of variables and weather stations in determining reference evapotranspiration in the Stade of Rio Grande do Sul

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v37i21.19451

Keywords:

Multivariate statistics, Climatological series, Variance, Seasonality.

Abstract

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is fundamental in hydrology and meteorology, and is widely used in climate change prediction and land use. This study used principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the contributions of meteorological variables and stations in estimating ETo, employing daily data from thirteen meteorological stations in the State of Rio Grande do Sul from 1990 to 2022, categorized by seasonal periods. The first three principal components explained 85.6% of the total ETo variability in spring, 87.9% in summer, 81.5% in autumn and 80.4% in winter. Tmax, RHmin and Rs were the most significant meteorological variables in spring, summer and autumn, while u2 and Rs stood out in winter. The stations with the largest contributions were: Uruguaiana, Bom Jesus, Torres, São Borja and SLG in spring and summer; Bom Jesus, Encruzilhada - Canguçu, São Borja and SLG (autumn); and Camaquã, Passo Fundo, Porto Alegre and Torres in winter. These results provide accurate information on the meteorological variables and seasons that influence ETo, highlighting climate variability on seasonal scales and contributing to an adequate representation of regional water demand.

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Author Biographies

Giane Lavarda Melo, Instituto Federal Catarinense/Professora

PhD and Master in Agricultural Engineering/UFSM, Agricultural Engineer/UFSM and Agricultural Technician CASM/UFSM. She works as a Professor of Basic, Technical and Technological Education, in the area of ​​Rural Engineering at IFC - Campus Camboriú/SC. She participates in the Research Group "Agricultural Engineering" at IFC and acts as an ad hoc evaluator of research projects of the Institutional Programs.

Mirta Teresinha Petry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

Graduated in Agronomy from the Federal University of Santa Maria (1997), master's degree in Agronomy - Area of ​​Concentration: Soil Biodynamics from the Federal University of Santa Maria (2000) and PhD. in Soil Science from the same University in 2004. Associate Professor II, in the area of ​​Water and Soil Engineering, teaching the Irrigation and Drainage courses in the undergraduate course in Agronomy. I am also a permanent professor in the Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, teaching the subjects of Pressurized Irrigation (Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation) and Soil-Water-Plant Relationship. Current leader of the Research Group "Water Management in Agricultural Systems" since 2018. In research, I work mainly in irrigation management, focusing on the use of tools and technologies that aim to optimize water use in crops and model water yield and strategies for living with droughts and extreme events.

Juliano Dalcin Martins, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

Agricultural Engineer from the Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM (2008). Master in Agricultural Engineering - UFSM (2010). PhD in Agricultural Engineering - UFSM (2013), with a sandwich doctorate period at the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal. He has a degree in the Special Undergraduate Program for the training of teachers for professional education from UFSM. He was a researcher at the State Foundation for Agricultural Research (FEPAGRO) in the area of ​​Irrigation and Drainage. He was a Professor at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, (IFRS campus Ibirubá). He currently works as a Professor at UFSM, in the discipline of Irrigation and Drainage. He has experience in the area of ​​agricultural engineering and soils, working mainly on the following topics: water management in agricultural systems, water requirements of crops and deficit irrigation.

Bruna de Villa, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

PhD in Agricultural Engineering-PPGEA-Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, in the line of Water and Soil Engineering Research. Graduated in the Special Undergraduate Program for Teacher Training for Professional Education-PEG, at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). Master in Energy Engineering in Agriculture-PPGEA - UNIOESTE/Cascavel, in the line of research of Biomass and energy crops, specifically in the area of ​​Soil Physics. Graduated in Agricultural Engineering from the State University of Western Paraná- UNIOESTE (2018). With experience in the area of ​​Agricultural Engineering, where she was a monitor in Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures (2016). He works with soils, mainly on the following topics: Impact of the use of cover species on the structure of a Clayey Latosol with effects on soybean grain yield, Impact of the use of Management Systems and Crop Rotation on the Structure of a Clayey Latosol under No-Tillage System, Effectiveness of Management Systems and cover species in reducing water and soil losses and improving the quality of a Clayey Latosol. He did an internship at the Soil Physics Laboratory-LAFIS at Unioeste/Cascavel. He carried out voluntary work for the purpose of improving his knowledge of soils at the Soil Physics Laboratory-LAFIS at Unioeste/Cascavel, where he developed activities together with the Agronomic Institute of Paraná - IAPAR, with an emphasis on collecting deformed and undisturbed soil samples, determining soil density and pore space, granulometric analysis, hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil, as well as assisting in the implementation and conduction of research projects (02/17/2014 to 08/15/2014 and 08/03/2015 to 12/30/2016). He participated in two scientific initiations with an emphasis on soils (2015 and 2017). He participates in the Research Group "Water Management in Agricultural Systems" (2022) at the Federal University of Santa Maria.

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Published

20/10/2025

How to Cite

Melo, G. L., Petry, M. T., Martins, J. D., & Villa, B. de. (2025). Principal components analysis and contributions of variables and weather stations in determining reference evapotranspiration in the Stade of Rio Grande do Sul . Brazilian Journal of Climatology, 37(21), 474–492. https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v37i21.19451

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Vol. 37 (2025)

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