Rev. Educação e Fronteiras, Dourados, v. 13, n. 00, e023010, 2023. e-ISSN:2237-258X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30612/eduf.v13i00.9620 8
Furthermore, subsequent legislations follow the movement to guarantee the right to
education for young people and adults, although they face constant challenges. According to
Paiva (2009, p. 136, our translation),
Analyzing the text of Constitutional Amendment n. º 14/96, as well as the
original formulation in the interpretation, it is observed that, as the State must
provide education, demand is not necessary for the systems to be organized
regardless of whether there is demand or not. It should be noted that, under
governmental logic, demand would be scarce (as it effectively happened)
because historically, the demand for youth and adult education, especially at
the literacy level, has never been significant due to the stigmas associated with
being illiterate, which often prevents individuals from acknowledging their
condition. The stigma victimizes illiterate individuals twice, as it not only
brings shame but also blames them for their lack of knowledge, ingrains a lack
of awareness of their rights, and when the opportunity arises again, it is
perceived as a reward, a blessing. For the logic of power that rejects and denies
the rights of these young people and adults, it is convenient for this to be the
case because demand remains constrained by the oppression of the stigma
itself, without beneficiaries of the right demanding public policies that
translate this right into provision.
In 1996, with the approval of the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education
(LDB) n.° 9394/1996, youth and adult education became officially recognized as a modality of
basic education. In 2000, the National Council of Education approved Opinion CNE 11/2000,
which established the National Curriculum Guidelines for Youth and Adult Education, with the
work and text elaborated by the rapporteur and councilor Carlos Roberto Jamil Cury. In this
opinion, in addition to advocating the right to education for youth and adults, three functions
that EJA must fulfill were highlighted: remedial, equalizing, and qualifying (PAIVA, 2009).
In recent years, there has been a reduction in the number of EJA classes, even though
the number of individuals who potentially fall within the target audience of this modality has
remained high. In the words of Ventura and Oliveira,
As governmental certification instruments progress and, intertwined with
them, government actions to close EJA classes - an intentional process of de-
schooling the modality - a vast market develops, expands, and becomes more
sophisticated to meet the demands for certification (VENTURA; OLIVEIRA,
2020, p. 92, our translation)
Throughout the more than five hundred years of Brazilian education history, we
understand that actions and practices related to youth and adult education have been marked by
the pursuit of the effective right of adolescents, young adults, adults, and older people to literacy
and schooling through public policies and mobilizations that recognize the importance of social
participation and the role of education in their lives. However, we have also faced moments of