Rev. Educação e Fronteiras, Dourados, v. 13, n. 00, e023019, 2023. e-ISSN:2237-258X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30612/eduf.v13i00.17639 7
function according to their qualification, educational institutions trained the normal teacher in
a secondary school, and the specialists, with their respective qualifications, in a higher
education institution. In other words, for the management of a classroom, a secondary-level
technician; for bureaucratic functions, someone with a higher education degree.
The School is, therefore, a place where different technicians gather, presupposing the
division between those who think, evaluate, guide, supervise, inspect, and administer and those
who execute. These are the technicians, the performers of tasks with the students; those are the
higher-level technicians who care, control, watch, and manage the work carried out by the
student teacher, the middle-level technicians. Note that in the School, the same principle of
division of labor experienced in society prevails: some think, others execute. In this case, the
teacher is reduced to a "mere executor of what is thought and decided by others, [excluding him
from the] understanding of his work process as a whole" (UFG, 1984, our translation).
The Pedagogue, defined as a teacher, was the result of extensive debate among the
professors of the Faculty of Education at UFG, together with others from other academic units
that train teachers, as well as the participation of social institutions such as the teachers' union
of the state and municipal networks of Goiânia and the associations linked to education at the
regional and national levels. If topics related to education were debated, and the understanding
of what education, School, and university are is under discussion, it is because there is this
possibility in Brazilian society, which in the first half of the 1980s sought to break with the
Military Regime that was installed in Brazil in 1964, through a coup d'état, ousting the elected
president, and subjecting institutions and society as a whole to exceptional measures. For over
twenty years, any manifestation that led to doubt, questioning, or criticism of the established
form of capitalist society, which was policed, was prohibited. As constitutive parts of it,
educational institutions were not immune and had their teachers, technical, administrative staff,
and students under surveillance.
Democratic regimes, authoritarian regimes, and highly authoritarian ones, such as
fascism and Nazism, are facets of the history of capitalist society. It presupposes an
individualistic mode of action and thinking, whose structure is based on private property,
defining the cornerstone clauses of modern state constitutions. When this structure is at risk -
or imaginarily at risk - and democratic regimes succumb, authoritarian forms of power are
erected over their ruins.
The logic of capitalist society, characterized by the incessant pursuit of continuous
capital valorization, or in other words, the substance of money, is intrinsically authoritarian,