Rev. Educação e Fronteiras, Dourados, v. 13, n. 00, e023026, 2023. e-ISSN:2237-258X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30612/eduf.v13i00.16348 6
In this context, a question arises: what kind of Environmental Education can confront
such a scenario, one marked by collapses, planetary boundaries, and profound socio-
environmental injustices?
Various reports from the United Nations (UN) highlight the correlation between
education and the advancement of the sustainability agenda. Among these, the information
Resilient People, Resilient Planet: A Future Worth Choosing (UN, 2021, p. 30-32) stands out
as an effort to prevent the occurrence of planetary boundary breaches.
Understanding the crisis, identified in various ways as environmental, ecological,
civilizational, or ecocivilizational, involves the pedagogical process in which formal
environmental education is one of the gears that must continue in all spheres of non-school
environments in a continuous and cross-cutting manner. But beyond rationality about these
complex issues, the realm of individual and collective perception and feeling presents itself as
interconnected and relational. Recognizing the ecocivilizational crisis (LEFF, 2014), along with
struggles, resistance, and re-existence processes, can mitigate the ongoing environmental
collapses (MARQUES, 2018).
How can one position oneself politically or ecopolitically from the local to the global
dimension? In the Latin American context, ecopolitical thought lies within the realm of
recognizing environmental conflicts and injustices, where Critical Environmental Education
also dialogues with this perspective. As Layrargues (2018, p. 35, our translation) points out
when identifying three political-pedagogical profiles within Environmental Education:
Supported by the perspective of state ideological apparatuses, the conceptual
framework of the political-pedagogical macrotrends of Environmental
Education is an analytical framework through which it is possible to establish
a typology of the different intentions present in each macrotrend, divided by
the conservative ideological stamp of social reproduction or the subversive
one of social transformation. The field of Environmental Education, from the
perspective of its political-pedagogical macrotrends, is demarcated into three
profiles: Conservationist, Pragmatic, and Critical. Each macrotrend has its
characteristics, depending on the intentions that inspire its practices. Thus,
each one has a central key theme in the pedagogical act, although it is not
specific to it: any theme can belong to the domain of any macrotrend. But, in
general terms, the central key theme that ideally belongs to the Conservationist
perspective revolves around the defense of Life, Nature, ecosystems, forests
and rivers, protected areas and Conservation Units, agroecology, and
ecotourism. From the Pragmatic perspective, the central key theme that stands
out revolves around private Environmental Management, Industrial Ecology,
Recycling, technological innovations, Sustainable Development,
Consumption, and Green Economy. As for the Critical perspective of
Environmental Education, the central key theme revolves around Political
Ecology, Popular Education, Conflicts, and Socio-environmental Injustice.